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US opts out of signing landmark pandemic agreement

In a pivotal moment for global health cooperation, the US has chosen not to sign the world’s first international pandemic agreement, distancing itself from the future of pandemic preparedness.

The COVID-19 pandemic tested the world in circumstances that were never before seen. From governments, to the public, the crisis exposed vulnerabilities and resilience across health, economic, and social systems on a global scale.

Nations with robust social safety nets and responsive governance were able to cushion the blow that came with the crisis. However, less developed countries were not able to do the same, highlighting disproportionate and worsening inequalities.

As a result of these exposed weaknesses in global systems, many countries came together at the World Health Assembly for discussions. After three years of going back and forth, the Assembly officially adopted the world’s first Pandemic Agreement.

A major focus of the treaty is stronger global cooperation and improved information sharing during pandemics, including better disease surveillance, regulations, and public communication.

Focus was put into ensuring equitable access to vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments. As such, in the case of a future pandemic, participating pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to allocate 20% of their production of vaccines, medicines, and tests to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The organisation will then distribute them to low-and-middle income countries to reduce the accessibility disparity.

Nations who endorse the agreement are expected to commit to strengthening their health systems. This includes expanding the healthcare workforce and investing in research and development.

Currently, the treaty has received 124 signatures and only one did not participate or sign the agreement, and that – unsurprisingly – is the United States.

So, why did the US pull out of the agreement? Well, the Biden administration was all for the treaty until Trump came in, and whammied any negotiations when he withdrew from the WHO entirely. In fact, in his first term, Trump constantly berated the organisation, citing WHO’s perceived mishandling of the pandemic.

In the official White House statement, it was also stated that WHO continued to ‘demand unfairly onerous payments from the US’ which were disproportionate from other nations’ payments. It then used China’s huge population but lack of contributions to the organisation as an example.

During first under negotiations, there was already strong opposition from Republican governors and conservative groups who argued it would compromise US sovereignty. There were also issues regarding sharing pathogen data as stipulated in the treaty, with the US arguing that it would affect intellectual property rights and hurt American industries.

What is US healthcare without its resident anti-vaxxer, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is also the nation’s Health Secretary. He called WHO ‘moribund’ and argued that it had failed to learn from the pandemic and continues to back dysfunctional systems.

The lack of American presence in the treaty does in fact have its own implications. For starters, the nation loses direct influence over the treaty’s implementation and future pandemic preparedness strategies that are coordinated through WHO.

Moreover, its decisions are also largely influenced by its need to protect domestic pharmaceutical interests and rights, which has only resulted in political opposition to international agreements. This not only limits its role in shaping global health norms and responses, but also reduces the nation’s overall influence on the global stage.

WHO is also impacted, as the US has been a major contributor to its funds. The absence of the US may lead to a funding crisis, weakening the organisation’s capacity to uphold global health efforts, indirectly impacting health security. However, there is an opportunity here for other big economies such as China or Germany to collaborate and reduce that burden.

What’s ironic is that past US presidents would have done everything to ensure that they were global leaders not just in defence, or the economy, but healthcare too. Yet, the Trump administration has strayed from that goal. Perhaps, now is the time for other nations to step up in place of the US and lead the international stage.

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